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Accounting & finance tools

Break-even calculator

Draws a labelled break-even chart you can download, finds the units for a profit target (even after tax), handles a mix of several products, and gives you an Excel-ready CSV whose formulas update when you change the inputs.

In short

The break-even point is the number of units you must sell for revenue to equal total costs. The formula is fixed costs ÷ (price − variable cost per unit). With fixed costs of 18,000, a price of 80 and a variable cost of 35, you break even at 400 units, or 32,000 in sales.

  • Chart and target profit
  • Several products
  • Excel CSV
  • PDF export
  • Runs in your browser

Private by design. Nothing you type is uploaded or saved. Add this tool to your phone or computer for one-tap access.

Costs and price

Rent, salaries, loan payments, insurance: costs that do not change with sales.

Materials, packaging, commissions, card fees: costs that rise with every unit sold.

Goals and limits (optional)

Fill in if the target is after tax.

Gives profit, margin of safety and operating leverage.

Shows how many periods the profit takes to pay it back.

A simple model. It assumes a steady price and variable cost, and that fixed costs stay fixed. It does not model cash timing, seasonal sales, discounts for volume or the tax you pay on profit unless you enter a rate.

Break-even analysis
One product · per month · PKR
Break-even
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Enter your fixed costs, the selling price and the variable cost per unit to see the break-even point and chart.

Break-even units = fixed costs ÷ (price − variable cost per unit). Worked from the figures entered; not accounting or financial advice.

Page last updated

How to use it

  1. Enter your fixed costs per month (or another period), the selling price and the variable cost per unit.
  2. Optionally enter a profit target, a tax rate, the units you expect to sell, your capacity and a start-up cost.
  3. For several products, switch to Several products and enter each price, variable cost and share of units sold.
  4. Read the break-even units and sales, the chart, the sensitivity table and the margin of safety.
  5. Download the sheet as a PDF or image, or the Excel CSV to keep working in a spreadsheet.

How it calculates

Contribution margin per unit is the price minus the variable cost. Break-even units are fixed costs divided by that, rounded up to a whole unit; break-even sales are those units times the price. For a profit target, the units are (fixed costs + profit before tax) ÷ contribution margin, where an after-tax target is divided by (1 − tax rate). Margin of safety is expected units minus break-even units, as a share of expected units. With several products, the tool blends them into one average product using each product’s share of units sold.

For example, a business with fixed costs of 18,000 a month that sells a product for 80 and pays 35 in variable cost earns a contribution margin of 45 a unit (56.3% of the price). It breaks even at 18,000 ÷ 45 = 400 units, which is 32,000 in sales. To earn 4,000 a month it needs 489 units. If it expects to sell 500 units, the margin of safety is 100 units, 20% of expected sales, and the profit is 4,500. The figures are made up; yours come from what you type.

Who should use it

  • Owners testing a new product, shop, restaurant or service before they spend money
  • Students and managers who need the break-even formula, chart and a worked example
  • Anyone deciding whether a price rise, a cheaper supplier or lower rent is worth more

Who should not use this

  • Anyone who needs a cash-flow forecast; break-even says nothing about when the money arrives
  • Businesses where price or variable cost change sharply with volume; the model assumes they are steady
  • Anyone preparing a loan application or audited accounts; this is a planning aid

Limitations

  • Fixed costs are assumed to stay fixed at every volume. In practice rent or staff may step up if you grow.
  • Variable cost per unit is assumed constant. Volume discounts and overtime pay can change it.
  • Break-even units are rounded up to a whole unit, so a result can differ slightly from a spreadsheet that shows a fraction.
  • The “day reached” figure assumes sales are spread evenly through the period.
  • Nothing is uploaded or stored on a server. Clearing your browser data also removes the saved profile.

Common questions

What is the break-even point formula?
Break-even units = fixed costs ÷ (selling price per unit − variable cost per unit). The bottom line is the contribution margin per unit. Break-even sales = break-even units × price, or fixed costs ÷ contribution margin ratio.
How do I calculate the break-even point with an example?
A shop has fixed costs of 18,000 a month, sells a product at 80 and pays 35 in variable cost per unit. The contribution margin is 45, so it breaks even at 18,000 ÷ 45 = 400 units, which is 32,000 in sales. Every unit after 400 adds 45 to profit.
What is the difference between fixed and variable costs?
Fixed costs stay the same however much you sell in the period: rent, salaries, insurance, loan repayments. Variable costs rise with each unit: materials, packaging, sales commission, card fees. A cost that is part fixed and part variable should be split before you enter it.
What is the margin of safety?
It is how far expected sales are above break-even: (expected units − break-even units) ÷ expected units. At 500 expected units and a break-even of 400, the margin of safety is 20%, so sales can fall by a fifth before you start losing money.
How do I make a break-even chart in Excel?
Download the Excel CSV from this page, open it, select the Units, Revenue and Total cost columns and insert a line chart. The lines cross at the break-even point. The CSV has live formulas, so changing the price or costs at the top redraws the chart data.
How do I work out the units needed for a target profit?
Add the profit you want to the fixed costs and divide by the contribution margin per unit: (18,000 + 4,000) ÷ 45 = 489 units. If the target is after tax, divide it by (1 − tax rate) first, because you must earn the profit before tax.
How does break-even work with more than one product?
Estimate each product’s share of the units you sell, then take the weighted average price and variable cost. Break-even units for that average product are then split between the products by the same shares. This tool does that when you choose Several products.
What if the price is lower than the variable cost?
Then each sale loses money and there is no break-even point, however many units you sell. The tool says so and suggests raising the price or cutting the variable cost.

Guides that explain the rules

Margin vs markupBreak-even analysis explained

Related tools

Profit margin calculatorShop billingInvoice generator

This tool produces a document from the information you type. It does not give legal, tax or accounting advice, and it does not check that your figures or rates are right. See the disclaimer. Found a mistake? Report an error in a calculation.